The Citrus aurantium, more commonly known as the bitter orange tree or Seville orange tree, is a shrub or small tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. Originally from Southeast Asia, this plant has gradually adapted to other regions of the world, particularly Mediterranean and tropical areas. In the Au Bois Vert botanical garden, located in Ivato near Antananarivo, this iconic tree stands out with its evergreen foliage, delicately scented white flowers, and spherical fruits with a rough, bright orange peel.
Typically measuring between 3 and 9 metres, the Citrus aurantium or Seville orange tree tree has an elegant shape and dark green oval leaves. Its flowers, which bloom mainly in spring, release an intoxicating fragrance that is widely used in perfumery. The fruit, known as the bitter orange, often resembles the sweet orange in appearance, but its distinctly bitter and tangy flavour sets it apart. In botanical gardens such as the one in Ivato, the bitter orange tree plays a crucial role thanks to its aesthetic appeal and its cultural and historical significance.
Well suited to warm, sunny climates, Citrus aurantium thrives in well-drained soils, whether calcareous, clayey, or sandy. Its abundant flowering and dense foliage provide shelter and a valuable nectar source for numerous pollinating insect species, making it an asset to the biodiversity of the Au Bois Vert botanical garden. This garden is also renowned for its lodge and restaurant, offering a natural retreat in the heart of Ivato.
Plant use
The Citrus aurantium is a plant with multiple uses, spanning culinary, medicinal, and cosmetic fields. Its bitter fruits are mainly used in the production of marmalades, candied peels, and liqueurs such as Grand Marnier and Curaçao. The essential oil extracted from its leaves, known as petitgrain, is used in aromatherapy for its relaxing properties. Meanwhile, the essence of the bitter orange blossom, called neroli, is highly valued in high-end perfumery for its floral and refreshing notes. In traditional medicine, Seville orange tree is used to treat various ailments, particularly digestive disorders, thanks to its tonic and carminative properties. It is also an ingredient in natural remedies aimed at relieving anxiety and promoting sleep. At the Au Bois Vert botanical garden, visitors can learn about the significance of this plant in both local and international traditions while enjoying facilities such as the lodge and restaurant located not far from Antananarivo. Thanks to its resilience and versatility, the bitter orange tree is a prime choice for adorning tropical gardens like that of Ivato. Its timeless charm and numerous benefits make it an essential plant for botany enthusiasts and hospitality professionals keen on preserving the environment.
Key information
| Common name | Seville orange tree |
| Scientific name | Citrus aurantium |
| Origin | Southeast Asia |
| Natural habitat | Hot Mediterranean and tropical regions |
| Life cycle | Perennial |
| Flowering period | Springtime |
